ENDNOTES
Background and Maryland Campaign
1. William H.S. Burgwyn, “Thirty Fifth Regiment” in Histories of the Several Regiments and Battalions from North Carolina in the Great War, 1861-65, ed. Walter Clark, (Goldsboro, NC: Nash Brothers, 1901) volume II, pp 591-592. Cited hereafter as NC Regts.
2. This summary of the actions of the regiment through 1862 is taken from information found in NC Regts, II, pp 592-609 and from Weymouth T. Jordan and Louis H. Manarin, North Carolina Troops: A Roster. Infantry: 32nd-35th and 37th Regiments (Raleigh: North Carolina Division of Archives and History. 1983), Vol. IX, pp 354-356.
3. The information is taken from W.H.S. Burgwyn’s wartime diary and letters. See Herbert M. Schiller, ed., A Captain’s War: The Letters and Diaries of William H.S. Burgwyn, 1861-1865, (Shippensburg, PA: White Mane Publishing Co., Inc., 1994), pp 29-30. Cited hereafter as Burgwyn.
Clothing and Equipment
4. The images of some enlisted men of the regiment are found in Greg Mast, State Troops and Volunteers: A Photographic Record of North Carolina’s Civil War Soldiers (Raleigh: North Carolina Department of Cultural Resources, 1995), volume I, pp 36, 67, 68, 200, 248. Several other soldiers are wearing plain jackets, perhaps those issued later in April.
5. The data on clothing and equipment issues is taken from the compiled service records of the company commanders of the 35th NCT in 1862. See National Archives, Compiled Service Records of Confederate Soldiers, Thirty-Fifth North Carolina Infantry, 5 rolls. Cited hereafter as 35 NCCSR.. The quote on uniform condition is from the CSR for Captain David G. Maxwell, Company H.
6. See 35 NC CSR, Nicholas H. Long
7. Burgwyn, p.14
8. Walter Clark, letter to his mother, November 11, 1862. A.L. Brooks and H.T. Lefler, ed., The Papers of Walter Clark. Volume I, 1857-1901 (Chapel Hill, NC: The University of North Carolina Press, 1948), p. 93. Cited hereafter as Clark Papers.
9. Garland Ferguson, “Twenty Fifth Regiment” in NC Regts, II, p. 296.
10. W.N. Rose, “Twenty Fourth Regiment” in NC Regts, II, p. 275.
11. James Graham, “Twenty Seventh Regiment” in NC Regts, II, p. 438.
12. Walter Clark, letter to his mother, September 26, 1862. Clark Papers, I, p. 80.
13. Burgwyn, p.21, p.23
14. Walter Clark, letter to his mother, September 26, 1862. Clark Papers, I, p. 88.
15. William A. Day, A True History of Company I, 49th Regiment North Carolina Troops (Newton, NC: Enterprise Job Office, 1893, reprinted Baltimore: Butternut and Blue, 1994), p. 28.
16. NC Regts, II, p. 296
17. Clark Papers, I, p. 85.
18. Burgwyn, p. 27
19. Burgwyn, p 29
20. William A. Day, A True History of Company I, 49th Regiment North Carolina Troops (Newton, NC: Enterprise Job Office, 1893, reprinted Baltimore: Butternut and Blue, 1994), p. 29.
21. Burgwyn, p. 20
22. Burgwyn, p. 22
23. Burgwyn, p. 24
24. Burgwyn, p. 28, p. 29
25. See Samuel H. Walkup letter to Governor Vance, October 11, 1862, in Frontis W. Johnston, ed., The Papers of Zebulon B. Vance, Volume I, 1842-1862, (Raleigh: North Carolina Department of Archives and History, 1963), pp 258-260. Cited hereafter as Vance Papers.
26. Vance Papers, I, pp. 266
27. See Murdock J. McSween letter to Governor Vance, November 17, 1862, in Vance Papers, I, pp. 368.
28. Burgwyn, p. 32.
29. NC Regts, II, p.297.
30. Burgwyn, p. 34.
31. Burgwyn, p.34.
32. Burgwyn, p. 34.
33. Burgwyn, p.42, p.43
Arms and Accouterments, 1862
34. See image of the Cathey brothers, in Greg Mast, State Troops and Volunteers: A Photographic Record of North Carolina’s Civil War Soldiers (Raleigh: North Carolina Department of Cultural Resources, 1995), p. 167.
35. The summary of the issues of weapons and accouterments is compiled from North Carolina Ordnance Department, Record of Issues, October 1861- July 1862. (Raleigh: North Carolina Adjutant General’s Office, 1862), North Carolina Division of Archives and History AG-22, pp. 310, 456, 460, 462, 464, 482, 484, 486, 490, 530. For a detailed discussion of the various operations of the North Carolina Ordnance Department and North Carolina gunsmiths, see John M. Murphy and Howard M. Madaus, Confederate Rifles and Muskets: Infantry Small Arms Manufactured in the Southern Confederacy, (Newport Beach, CA: Graphic Publishers, 1996), pp71-82, 187-189, 409-418.
36. Letter, O.C. Petway to Walter Clark, Clark Papers, I, pp 67-68. The editors incorrectly identify Petway as the Major of the 22nd NC; Petway was promoted to Lt.Col. of the 35th NC on April 15, 1862 and was later killed at Malvern Hill.
37. These Enfield rifles probably came from the 1520 “Enfield Rifles” which were part of the cargo of the "Steamer Nashville" obtained by the State. See entry on April 30, 1862, North Carolina Ordnance Department, Record of Issues, October 1861- July 1862. (Raleigh: North Carolina Adjutant General’s Office, 1862), North Carolina Division of Archives and History AG-22, pp. 179. General Robert E. Lee wrote to Maj. Gen. T.H. Holmes, commanding the Department of North Carolina, on April 26, 1862, saying that an Ordnance officer would come to Wilmington “to receive and distribute arms” that arrived there. Lee planned to issue Holmes 2400 of these weapons for NC troops in his department , but instructed him to issue only 400 to each regiment to “arm the flank companies.” See Letter, Gen. Lee to Maj. Gen. Holmes, April 26, 1862. United States War Department, The War of the Rebellion: a Compilation of the Official Records of the Union and Confederate Armies (Washington: US Government Printing Office, 1883), Series I, volume 9, pp. 464-465. Captain Thomas Overton, C.S. Ordnance Department, signed for 1520 “Enfield Rifles” on May 1, 1862 from the North Carolina Ordnance Department. See entry on May 1, 1862, North Carolina Ordnance Department, Record of Issues, October 1861- July 1862. (Raleigh: North Carolina Adjutant General’s Office, 1862), North Carolina Division of Archives and History AG-23, p. 6.
The Appearance of the Soldiers in October, 1862
38. See Douglas S. Freeman, Lee’s Lieutenants: A Study in Command, (New York: Charles Scribner’s Sons, 1945) volume II, pp 150-153 and Robert K. Krick, “ The Army of Northern Virginia in September 1862: Its Circumstances, Its Opportunities, and Why It Should Not Have Been at Sharpsburg”, in Gary W. Gallagher, ed., Antietam: Essays on the 1862 Maryland Campaign (Kent, OH: The Kent State University Press, 1989), pp 38-43. For a more detailed examination see Ross H. Kimmel, “Confederate Infantry at Antietam, 1862” in Military Illustrated Past and Present (London: Military Illustrated, Ltd.), Number 17, February-March 1989, pp 8-10.
39. NC Regts, II p.600.
40. NC Regts, II p.607-608.
41. Walter Clark, letter to his mother, November 11, 1862. Clark Papers, I, p. 93.
42. Walter Clark, letter to his mother, November 26, 1862. Clark Papers, I, p. 98.
43. Vance Papers, I, p. 259.
44. Walter Clark, letter to his mother, November 3, 1862. Clark Papers, I, pp 88-89.
45. Burgwyn, p. 29.
46. William England, in Alexander England Family Papers, December 10, 1862. North Carolina Division of Archives and History, Raleigh, NC. Cited Hereafter as England Papers.
47. Walter Clark, letter to his mother, November 3, 1862. Clark Papers, I, pp 89.
48. William England, in England Papers, December 10, 1862. North Carolina, like other states, maintained a facility to store boxes sent from home until they could be delivered to the Army. The depot for NC was on “Main [Street] , between 8th and 7th Streets ,opposite Spotswood Hotel”. See “Depots for the Deposit of Supplies for the Army from the different States”, V. & O., The City Intelligencer: or Stranger’s Guide (Richmond: Macfarlaine and Fergusson, Printers, 1862), p.12.
Recreating the Impression
49. William England, in England Papers, October 2, 1862.
50. Samuel Hoey Walkup Journal, October 27, 1862, Perkins Library, Duke University, Durham, NC.
51. William England, in England Papers, December 7, 1862.